COMARC/A Format for Authorities Data

PDFCOMARC/AOctober2020

250 Authorized access point – topical subject

This field contains a subject access point in the form of a topical subject.

Subfields & repeatability

FIELD/SUBFIELDREPEATABILITY
250Authorized access point – topical subjectnr
aTopical subjectnr
nSubject category codenr
mSubject subcategory codenr
xTopical subdivisionr
yGeographical subdivisionr
zChronological subdivisionr
9Language of the base access pointnr

Indicators

Indicator values are not defined.

SUBFIELDS

Subfields x, y and z are described in the Subdivisions chapter, and subfield 9 in the Control Subfields chapter.

250a Topical subject

The term in the form prescribed by the system of subject access points used.

250n Subject category code

The code indicates the subject category.

aagents

Terms representing (individual or collective) agents, representatives or performers of, or participants in an activity: people and groups, organisations and organisms.

bactions

Terms for different types of activity: activities, disciplines and processes.

cthings

Terms relating to tangible or abstract entities: forms, structures, objects, space, matter and instruments.

dtime

Terms relating to time: periods and other chronological terms.

250m Subject subcategory code

The code indicates the subject subcategory.

a1people and groups

Groups of people not belonging to any organisation, and individuals as part of a group that is determined on the basis of a specific characteristic such as behaviour, activity or condition (legal, employment, social or civil status, physical and mental state, kinship, gender, age, geographical or national origin). Examples: Geologists, Unemployed, Single Men, Slovenian women.

a2organisations

Communities of people with a common goal regardless of how and with what purpose they are organised. Organisations in different sectors of activity, public institutions and parts of organisations. Examples: Health facilities, Cultural institutions, Museums, Courts.

Exceptions: groups of people that are not organised are classified as "a1"; organisations where the physical structure (e.g. factories) is more important that the organisational aspect (e.g. libraries) are classified as "c2"; economic activities as such (e.g. food processing industry) – and not organisations in the role of collective agents within this activity (e.g. food businesses) – are classified as "b1".

a3organisms

Living organisms (microorganisms, plants, animals, humans), their anatomical parts and groups of organisms. Examples: Fossils, Cherry tree, Atlantic canary, Neanderthals, Shoulder joint, Hunting dogs, Animal colonies.

Exceptions: groups of people are classified as "a1"; communities of plants (forests, etc.) are classified as "c4"; basic chemical components are classified as "c5".

b1activities

Actions performed by a clearly defined direct agent, mainly terms from different disciplines or areas: arts and literature, science and technology, economy, law, history, society, military, politics, religion, information sciences, sex, sports and recreation, performing activities, mental activities, etc. General terms such as action, use, etc. also fall in this category. Examples: Music, Technological innovations, Veganism, Cataloging, Olympics, Tennis, Battle of Actium (Rome, 31 B.C.).

Exceptions: actions without a direct agent that are the result of a certain cause (natural, social, etc.) are classified as "b3"; when they overlap with other terms, the latter take precedence.

b2disciplines

Actions relating to research activities and to collection and dissemination of knowledge, with a formalized organisational structure (research centres, university institutes, scientific publications, etc.). Science, humanities and social sciences, medicine, engineering and generally applicable disciplines (e.g. statistics, information sciences) all fall in this category. Examples: Paleontology, Lexicology, Ethics, Bibliography, Environmental sciences, Criminal law.

Exceptions: pseudo-disciplines (e.g. astrology) and disciplines where the practical components take clear precedence over research (e.g. surgery) are classified as "b1".

b3processes

Actions that are not induced by a single agent (person or organisation) but are the result of a different (natural or social) cause. Biological processes (e.g. diseases) and social processes (e.g. cultural movements) are typical examples. Different processes such as physical, biological, chemical, psychological, environmental, economic, cultural, historical, etc., fall in this category. Examples: Aging, Tropical cyclones, Peace, Buddhism, Religion and social problems, Epidemics, World War (1939–1945).

Exceptions: actions not caused by a single agent where the processual aspect is not in the forefront are classified as "b1".

c1forms

Material or abstract entities or entities that are the result of human creativity and have their form of expression (writing, music, etc.). Headings for "genres" and "forms" that represent documents in a material manner as a physical form (object of the form) or in an abstract manner as a form of intellectual activity (message of the form) fall in this category. Represented here are different areas of communication: language (scripts, rhetorical figures, languages), arts and performative activities (screenplays, portraits), literature (literary types and genres, folk literature), music (musical genres and works). Examples: Books, Metonymy, Slovenian language, Translations into French, Fairy tales, Symphony.

Documents in which the physical form is not of primary relevance but are mainly used as a means to an end (e.g. statutes) are classified as "c6".

c2structures

Immovable things that can be touched. They can occupy space permanently or temporarily (e.g. a building site). Constructions (e.g. buildings) and infrastructure fall in this category. Examples: Amphitheatres, Laboratories, Balconies, Altars, Structural frames, Fortifications, Canals.

c3objects

Movable things that can be touched. Things of enormous proportions also fall in this category if they are at least potentially movable. The physical aspect is predominant. Examples: Talismans, Guitar, Antiquities, MAN trucks, Airplanes.

Exceptions: objects that are immovable are classified as "c2" (if their characteristics overlap, objects take precedence over structures); physical storage devices where the emphasis is on data content or message are classified as "c1".

c4space

Terms relating to environment, landscapes, areas and other terms relating to range, excluding the entities occupying that space. All terms relating to the universe also fall in this category. Examples: Gardens, Villages, Health resorts, European Union countries, Earth, Atmosphere, Stars.

Exceptions: things that permanently occupy physical space that is fundamentally changed because of human interference and not just the result of a changing landscape are classified as "c2". Built-up areas (e.g. residential area, urban area) are classified as "c2", when the building aspect takes precedence over the spatial nature of the term, that is if they are represented from an architectural and engineering aspect rather than from a social, urbanistic or ecological aspect.

c5matter

Terms relating to matter (composition, characteristics, physical state) and substances: chemical elements, chemical and physical substances and products or materials that underwent certain transformation but are not objects yet (extracts, processed products, intermediate goods). Products that retain the nature of matter despite undergoing transformation also fall in this category (foodstuffs, medicinal products, etc.). Examples: Microstructure, Physical properties, Sodium, Minerals, Water, Smog, Atoms, Vitamin C, Honey, Wine, Mutton, Cherries (Fruits), Antibiotics.

Exceptions: finished goods are classified as "c3"; immaterial products of human activity are classified as "c6" or "c1".

c6instruments

Things, elements, situations and abstract terms that are used as a means to an end. Their object component is of secondary importance (e.g. although balances and acts are documents they primarily function as accounting and legal means). Generally applicable, valuating and other means related to disciplines and activities such as economic and legal means, philosophical means and scientific and technological means with their concepts, methods and theories all fall in this category. Examples: Money, Income, Capital market, Liability (Law), Legislation, Women's rights, Being, Scholasticism, Avogadro's law, Darwinism, Set theory.

Exceptions: documents whose physical form is the predominant aspect and are not primarily a means to an end are classified as "c1".

d1periods

Time intervals and periods in human history and history of the Earth. Examples: Days, August, Summer, Advent, Puberty, Age, Neolithic period, Middle Ages, 1st century, 1980 (Year), Holy Year (2000).

d2other chronological terms

General terms where the temporal aspect is in the forefront. Examples: Punctuality, Tardiness, Hours of labor, Anniversaries, Holidays.

NOTES ON FIELD CONTENTS

The field contains the preferred form of a topical subject access point formulated in accordance with the subject system.

In the General List of Subject Headings (SGC), the subdivisions are used only in reference records.

RELATED FIELDS

450VARIANT ACCESS POINT – TOPICAL SUBJECT
550RELATED ACCESS POINT – TOPICAL SUBJECT
750AUTHORIZED ACCESS POINT IN OTHER LANGUAGE AND/OR SCRIPT – TOPICAL SUBJECT

EXAMPLES

  1. 250⊔⊔aEducation yItaly
  2. 250⊔⊔aConstruction industry xLaw and legislation
  3. 250⊔⊔aBiology xPeriodicals
  4. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nb mb2 aAntropologija
  5. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nb mb3 aOrganska sinteza (kemija)
  6. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nc mc3 aTrobila
  7. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nb mb1 aŽelezniški promet
  8. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔na ma2 aSupermarketi
  9. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nc mc6 aLinux (operacijski sistem)
  10. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nc mc2 aŽelezobetonske stavbe
  11. *

    152⊔⊔bsgc
    250⊔⊔nc mc4 aVelemesta